A new study found that people with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection may be more likely to develop systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and CMV could influence how the disease starts. CMV is a common virus that typically shows no signs or symptoms. However, infection with CMV can cause complications during pregnancy and for people with weakened immune systems. Infections pose a greater risk for people living with lupus and are the second most common major cause of illness and death for those with the disease. Lupus causes the hyperactivity of certain immune cells, creating antibodies that are destructive to the immune system and leaving people vulnerable to infection.

Researchers conducted a meta-analysis, examining the relationship between CMV infection and the risk of SLE. They analyzed 12 controlled trials which included 1,267 people with SLE and 1,417 healthy controls. Among healthy people, CMV IgG and IgA antibodies were more common than CMV DNA or IgM. However, people with SLE showed significantly higher rates of CMV DNA and IgM, indicating a potential link between active or recent CMV infection and SLE or viral reactivation in people with lupus. 

This study provides strong evidence of a significant association between CMV infection, especially active or recent reactivation, and SLE, and suggests CMV may act as an environmental factor in the development of SLE. More research is needed to better understand the mechanisms at play and to develop and evaluate promising antiviral strategies. Learn more about risk of infection in lupus and protecting from infections.

Read the study